diff --git a/src/apps/LoginPage.tsx b/src/apps/LoginPage.tsx
index c1f3a0b..d43bebe 100644
--- a/src/apps/LoginPage.tsx
+++ b/src/apps/LoginPage.tsx
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ import { useEffect, useState } from 'react';
 import { useNavigate } from 'react-router-dom';
 import { adminApi, clientApi, type CaptchaResponse } from '@/api/adminApi';
 import { writeSession, type Portal } from '@/api/session';
-import { Button, Input } from '@/components/ui';
+import { Button, Input, Modal } from '@/components/ui';
 
 type LoginPageProps = {
   portal: Portal;
@@ -28,11 +28,14 @@ export function LoginPage({ portal }: LoginPageProps) {
   const [captchaText, setCaptchaText] = useState('');
   const [captcha, setCaptcha] = useState<CaptchaResponse | null>(null);
   const [error, setError] = useState('');
+  const [alertMessage, setAlertMessage] = useState('');
   const [loading, setLoading] = useState(false);
   const isAdmin = portal === 'admin';
 
-  async function refreshCaptcha() {
-    setError('');
+  async function refreshCaptcha(options: { clearError?: boolean } = {}) {
+    if (options.clearError ?? true) {
+      setError('');
+    }
     setCaptchaText('');
     setCaptcha(await (isAdmin ? adminApi.getCaptcha() : clientApi.getCaptcha()));
   }
@@ -55,8 +58,10 @@ export function LoginPage({ portal }: LoginPageProps) {
       writeSession(session);
       navigate(isAdmin ? '/admin' : '/client', { replace: true });
     } catch (err) {
-      setError(loginErrorMessage(err));
-      await refreshCaptcha();
+      const message = loginErrorMessage(err);
+      setError(message);
+      setAlertMessage(message);
+      await refreshCaptcha({ clearError: false });
     } finally {
       setLoading(false);
     }
@@ -85,6 +90,14 @@ export function LoginPage({ portal }: LoginPageProps) {
           <Button disabled={loading} onClick={submit}>{loading ? '登录中...' : '登录'}</Button>
         </div>
       </section>
+      <Modal
+        footer={<Button onClick={() => setAlertMessage('')}>知道了</Button>}
+        onClose={() => setAlertMessage('')}
+        open={Boolean(alertMessage)}
+        title="登录失败"
+      >
+        <p className="login-alert-message">{alertMessage}</p>
+      </Modal>
     </main>
   );
 }
diff --git a/src/styles/global.css b/src/styles/global.css
index fcd4713..5b10266 100644
--- a/src/styles/global.css
+++ b/src/styles/global.css
@@ -4142,6 +4142,12 @@ h3 {
   background: rgba(239, 68, 68, 0.1);
 }
 
+.login-alert-message {
+  margin: 0;
+  color: var(--color-text-strong);
+  line-height: 1.7;
+}
+
 .system-page {
   gap: 28px;
 }